Trade contacts carried on by various ethnic peoples at the time were the main vehicle for spreading the Old Malay language, which was the main communications medium among the traders. Since the 7th century, the Old Malay language has been used in Nusantara (Indonesian archipelago), evidenced by Srivijaya inscriptions and by other inscriptions from coastal areas of the archipelago, such as those discovered in Java. The Kedukan Bukit Inscription is the oldest surviving specimen of Old Malay, the language used by Srivijayan empire. It might be attributed to its ancestor, the Old Malay language (which can be traced back to the 7th century). Originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra, Malay has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for half a millennium. Classical Malay had emerged as a literary language in the royal courts along both shores of the Strait of Malacca, including the Johor–Riau and Malaccan Sultanates. Standard Indonesian is a standard variety of "Riau Malay", which despite its common name is not based on the vernacular Malay dialects of the Riau Islands, but rather represents a form of Classical Malay as used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Kedukan Bukit Inscription, written in Pallava script, is the oldest surviving specimen of the Old Malay language in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The Indonesian name for the language ( bahasa Indonesia) is also occasionally found in English and other languages. Standard Indonesian is confined mostly to formal situations, existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Malay varieties, which are commonly used for daily communication, coexisting with the aforementioned regional languages. However, in a more loose sense, it also encompasses the various local varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago. The term "Indonesian" is primarily associated with the national standard dialect ( bahasa baku). However, most formal education and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, and judiciary and other forms of communication are conducted in Indonesian.
Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages examples include Javanese and Sundanese, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants-of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the more widely spoken languages in the world. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesian ( bahasa Indonesia, ) is the official language of Indonesia.
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